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PVA Calibrator Exam
PVA Calibrator Exam
PVA Calibrator Exam
Calibrator Name
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First
Last
Calibrator's company
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Phone
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Email
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Questions
1. A PVA Certified video projector...
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Has accurate color gamut
Has at least 150:1 intra-frame contrast ratio
Must be properly calibrated
All of the above
2. Knowledgeable and thorough set up and calibration is important because?
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It reduces expensive call backs
It sets you above your competitors
It gives customers more confidence in their own assessment of color accuracy
All the above
3. The tools needed for proper system set up and calibration are?
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Difficult to find
Difficult to use
An excellent investment
Too expensive
4. Experience looking at your favorite reference material on many displays is...
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Difficult because it's time consuming
Useless because your eyes do not have good visual memory
The most efficient tool in your kit
Not necessary if you have a spectroradiometer
5. Blue filter glasses are useful because?
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They allow a quick setup that is much better than guessing
You can watch 3D with them
They make a color analyzer unnecessary
They are free
6. Video system calibration should be done by...
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A local dealer who needs the money
A PVA Certified Video Professional
Not necessary if the display has a movie mode
Your favorite uncle
7. The black level (Brightness) control is set optimally when
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any lower setting would cause shadows to crush
any higher setting would reduce the contrast ratio (dynamic range )
no blacker than black information can be seen
all the above
8.. The white level (Contrast) control is set optimally when
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100% video level produces the intended (target) luminance level, while allowing viewers to watch without eye fatigue
no white level clipping occurs
discoloration of the gray scale is eliminated
all the above
9. What pattern is most effective for setting the black level in controlled lighting conditions?
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10 step gray scale pattern
Low Average Picture Level (APL) PLUGE pattern
gray ramp pattern
white clipping pattern
10. What pattern is most effective to setting the reference level of white?
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10 step gray scale pattern
gray scale ramp pattern
Black level PLUGE pattern
white level clipping pattern while also using a multi step gray scale ramp to ensure there is no color shift
11. What is the goal of correctly setting the Contrast and Brightness controls?
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Maximizing the useable dynamic range
setting the correct black level
ensuring that the peak white level is not clipping
minimizing eye fatigue
all the above
12. When establishing a peak white level do the following:
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ensure that you can see all the steps of the gray scale
ensure that there is no color shift
ensure that light output does not produce eye fatigue
all the above
13. After setting the correct white level to ensure no clipping, no discoloration, and correct light output, what step should be performed next?
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evaluate a 10 step gray scale pattern
measure the contrast ratio
measure the peak light output
set (or recheck) the black level since setting the white level can afffect the black level and because of this reason calibration needs to be an iterative process.
14. Sequential contrast ratio
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is measured using a 4 x 4 checker board pattern
relates to contrast ratios between different scenes (dark then bright)
is typically a smaller number than the ANSI contrast ratio
all the above
15. ANSI Contrast Ratio is
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a measure of the contrast ratio within 1 frame
as least as important as sequential contrast
typically a much smaller number than the sequential contrast
all the above
16. Which of the following is correct when determining optimal sharpness?
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the sharpness setting must always be evaluated and set individually for each display
the sharpness control should always be set to its maximum point
the sharpness control should always be set to the mid point
the sharpness control should always be set to the minimum point
17. Which RGB White Balance parameter primarily adjusts the bright part of the image?
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bias
cuts
drives
offset
low
18. Which RGB White Balance parameter primarily adjusts the dark part of the image?
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contrast
cuts
drives
gains
highs
19. When adjusting the gray scale on a plasma or OLED display, which of the following is correct?
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use window patterns, because they mimic an average picture level and therfore will not cause a power limiting circuit to be enabled
use full fields (rasters) to mimic showing the whole picture
use windows because there can be color shifts on full fields
use full fields (rasters) because the black background affects the picture
a and c are correct
20. After doing a 2 point white balance at 80% and 30% you should:
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eliminate all color errors (especially ensuring green is not greater than y=0.329
ensure that the mid-range RGB gamma is adjusted correctly
ensure that the rest of the gray scale is accurate
visually verify that the dark portions of the gray scale are neutral in color
all the above
21. In a 3 color additive color system which of the following is not a primary color?
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blue
green
red
yellow
22. In a 3 color additive color system which of the following is not a secondary color?
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cyan
magenta
red
yellow
23. Which of the follow might an appropriate use for plastic colored filters?
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adjustment of chroma and tint
adjustment of colors using CMS controls
correction of chroma upsampling error (CUE)
all of the above
24. For a display to be considered to have a correctly implemented CMS, which of the following RGBCMY adjustments should be available, at a minimum (assuming the gray scale is already correct ) ?
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intensity/brightness
saturation, Luminance/intensity/brightness, and tint/hue
saturation and tint/hue
saturation, tint/hue, and RGB gains/cuts
25. PVA Video Training
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focuses on doing good work first
is meant for a variety of target audiences to help maximize viewing enjoyment and fidelity
teaches the fundamentals of proper imaging with practical applications
all the above
26. In video displays, the video signals are:
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composed of both luma and chroma information
never color accurate
should be viewed on displays larger than 19 inches
should always confirm to NTSC standards
27. Which of the following parameter is least important for high quality viewing?
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a 16 x 9 aspect ratio
accurate color saturation
accurate gray scale
good dynamic range
high image resolution and detail
quality source material
28. The standard color of white used for calibrating displays in the United States is:
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arbitrarily picked
has no effect on image accuracy
6500K
defined as CIE D65 ( x=0.313, y=0.329)
29. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the correct gamma setting?
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all video displays should be set for a gamma of 2.2 regardless of peak light output
gamma can only be represented as a straight line on a graph
the correct range of gamma for home theater displays is between 2.2 and 2.4
when calibrating a display, it is necessary to correctly set the gamma at only at the 50% luminance level
30. Which of the following is correct regarding Delta E?
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displays should always be adjusted until all Delta E values are less than 2.0
it is a useful tool for evaluating a display's color gamut error
it is a useful tool for evaluating grayscale and color error
all the above
31. What can happen when a client is not interested in being involved in the calibration process?
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this is a good thing as time is saved and the job can be done more quickly
the client may be unhappy with the end result due to a lack of understanding about the process
the client is almost always happy with the end result
the client will refer your work to others
32. Contrast ratio measurement is:
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also referred to dynamic range measurement
best performed after correctly setting black and white levels
optimized when its value is as large as possible
is usually affected by ambient room light
all the above
33. Which of the following should you do when adjusting gamma?
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consider different viewing modes as they can effect the gamma
optimize the dynamic range first
verify the contrast and brightness after changing the gamma
when possible verify gamma via a measurement tool
all the above
34. When using a SMPTE color bar pattern to set color (chroma) on a display, it is best to use:
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the cyan and magenta bars and adjust the color (chroma) control until they display identically
the white ( 75 % gray ) and blue outer bars and adjust the color (chroma) control until they display identically
the green and red bars and adjust the color (chroma) control until they display identically
the yellow and magenta bars and adjust the color (chroma) control until they look correct
35. When using SMPTE color bars to set the tint (hue) on a NTSC display, it is best to use
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the cyan and magenta bars and adjust the tint (hue) control until they display identically
the gray and blue outer bars and adjust the tint (hue) control until they display identically
the green and red bars and adjust the tint (hue) control until they display identically
the yellow and magenta bars and adjust the tint (hue) control until they look correct
36. In an ATSC / NTSC / PAL component video system, the color (chroma) control is most directly related to:
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CbCr information
R'G'B' information
Y' information
all the above
37. After using blue filters to adjustment of the color (chroma) and tint (hue) controls what must be performed before declaring a calibration complete?
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nothing, you are finished
recheck the black level
recheck the contrast ratio
view familiar reference material to verify color settings
38. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding CCA? It
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allows manipulation of the color gamut
compensates for variances of the colors in a display using a color wheel
is requires measurement of raw color points and also setting target points
is historically related to DLP technology
requires adequate instrumentation to set correctly
all the above
39. Which of the following is the best reason for using component video transmission in the television industry? It
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consists of 3 wire
is an efficient design that separates luma and chroma information
is easy to make and maintain
uses 3 colors of wire (RGB) that match the 3 primary colors
40. A potential problem with connecting components using HDMI is that
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interoperability issues may arise, including HDCP and EDID problems
some components still lack HDMI connections
signal strength tends to decrease when long distances are involved
all the above
41. Which of the following statements must be true in order to maximize the number of pixels used to produce an image on a display?
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data rate between source and display must be maximized
resolution should be matched between the source and display when possible
scaling between source and display should be minimized
all the above
42. Which of the following can potentially cause a loss of detail?
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perforated projector screens
smoke in the room (optical path issues)
video signal processing
video signal compression
all the above
43. Which of the following is true regarding the SMPTE Organization?
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it is one of the major video calibrator training organizations in the United States
it is responsible for the incorrect colors on your display device
it is responsible only for commercial motion picture standards, not those used on home displays
the acronym, SMPTE, stands for Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
44. Which of the following is INCORRECT in regard to contrast ratio?
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it can be described as being either sequential or ANSI
are always useful measurement numbers when provided by display/projector manufacturers
ANSI contrast is about 1:150 in film
ANSI contrast can approach 1:300 (or higher) in many digital devices
is a measurement of dynamic range
45. Which of the following is considered to be the most important adjustment for improving image fidelity?
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brightness (black level) control setting
color saturation setting
contrast control setting
resolution matching
46. The backlight control can be used in which of the following ways? To:
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adjust the light output of a DLP display
adjust the light output of a LCD / LED display
replace the brightness control of a DLP display
replace the brightness control of an LCD display
47. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the color of BT.709 white? It
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is derived from the following calculation: Y = 0.2126 R + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B
is the same as D65
has an x,y coordinate of x = 0.313, y = 0.329 on the 1931 CIE 2o [x,y] chromaticity diagram
all the above
48. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding LCOS technology?
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dead pixels are never a problem
they are always color-stable over time
they consistently have excellent color uniformity
they will never need a convergence adjustment parameter when being calibrated
none of the above
49. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding DLP technology?
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non-LED / non-laser illuminated displays require bulb changing
stuck pixels are a known problem with this type of display
they may cause some viewers to see a rainbow effect
all the above
50. Which of the following statements is true regarding OLED LCD or Plasma displays ?
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“burn in“ is never a problem for these displays
they allow for a large field of view (FOV) in video applications
they do not cause eye strain at high luminance in dark rooms
None of the above
51. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding front projectors?
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they can be based on LCD, LCOS, or DLP technologies
they require an appropriate screen type and gain for optimal viewing
they require careful setup for optimal viewing enjoyment
viewing should be performed in a carefully light-controlled environment
all the above
52. Choose the best correct answer. PVA Certified Screens ensure:
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acoustically transparent design for audio placement
minimal color shifting
minimal hot spotting
maximal profit margins
a b and c
53. The standard aspect ratio for HDTV is:
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1.33:1
1.78:1
1.86:1
2.39:1
54. Why are changes in aspect ratio not very noticeable on a screen in a movie theater?
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adjustable curtains are used as mattes to frame the image
the projector always displays anamorphic image
the screen/image is always at a constant height
the theater will show whatever aspect ratio will fit in the room
55. The recommended field of view for a high definition Anamorphic ('Scope', 2.35:1) image
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is 30 degrees
is 40 degrees
is an angle that will fill the visual field
is some what client dependent
b and d are most correct
56. Choose the LEAST correct answer. Front projectors:
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may use an anamorphic lense
may use mechanical lense shifting
must be carefully placed in the room for best resolution
should always have digital sizing and keystone controls
57. Front projectors should have their color balance adjusted:
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by measuring light reflected by the screen
by measuring light coming directly from the lens
never, since there is no need to white balance a front projector
only once at the factory
58. What is the typical time required to properly warm up a display before calibrating?
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5 minutes
some need no warm up time, others need more than 1 hour
30 minutes
virtually no warm up time is needed with newer technologies
59. When might a second viewing mode be used in front projector applications?
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for viewing conditions in which increased ambient light requires increased black levels
when the client simply wants a brighter picture for sub optimal source material
when viewing material with variable image quality like cable or satellite broadcasts
all the above
60. Fully integrated theater design must consider every component including:
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human factors
room design
video displays
all the above
61. Bias lighting should be no brighter than __ % of reference white luminance?
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5
10
20
depends on multiple factors
62. An ambient light source for a home theater not using a front projector should be:
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placed directly beside the viewer
directly visible, but behind the plane of the display device
indirect, and postioned behind the display device
any of the above
63. Bias lighting can affect the perception of:
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black levels
colors
contrast ratios
image detail
all the above
64. What is the frame rate modern film based capturing?
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23 fps
24 fps
30 fps
48 fps
65. What is the frame rate of HD broadcast in North America?
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24 fps
25 fps
30 fps
48 fps
66. What are some common uses for external processors?
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image resizing including anamorphic processing
more precise grayscale adjustment, gamma control, and CMS refinement
video switching
all the above
67. Where are external processors usually located in the video signal chain?
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anywhere in the equipment chain, since it depends on the type of external processor
at the start of the video signal chain
just before the display
none of the above
68. When using an external processor in conjunction with a video display:
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both need to be adjusted, but the display should be adjusted first
both need to be adjusted, but the scaler should be adjusted first
only the controls on the display need to be adjusted
only the controls on the scaler need to be adjusted
69. When calibrating a FPTV system, where should the meter be placed and aimed towards?
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in the line of sight of the primary viewer's position, with the meter pointed toward the screen.
at the screen, with the meter pointed towards the projector
between the screen and the projector with the meter pointed at the projector
none of the above
70. Screen masking for both front projector systems can provide which of the following?
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improved perception of blacks
improved contrast ratio
improved geometry
all the above
71. On a flat spectral response screen, from where is it recommended that instrument readings be taken?
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at the center third of the screen
at either side of the screen
the position from which readings are taken does not matter
none of the above
72 Which of the below specifies a color space:
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BT 1886
HDR-10
Dolby Vision
Rec 2020
73 Tone Mapping in High Dynamic Range (HDR) is the process where:
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The dynamic range of the client’s display is mapped to the corresponding dynamic range of the mastering display.
The Rec. 2020 color space is converted to whatever color space the client monitor is capable of. Rec.2020
The audio of the content is mirrored to whatever format the equipment is capable of.
none of the above
74 In relation to a 10 bit video signal:
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There are 1024 levels
black is defined as level 32
white is defined as level 860
is only RGB and never YcbCr
75. A 3D LUT (Look Up Table) is:
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Is only as accurate as the tool used to create it
allows a monitor to simulate the look of other technologies
allows a monitor to have multiple points of color correction for increased accuracy
is useful with high end consumer displays
all the above
76. Ultra High Definition (UHD):
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Includes 3840 pixel × 2160 pixel resolution
specifies 4096 x 2160 pixel resolution
includes HDR
may be in 8 10 or 12 bits
77. In regard to High Dynamic Range (HDR):
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Dolby Vision is a proprietary HDR format with specific hardware requirements and licensing fees.
HDR-10 is the mandatory HDR format for UHD BR contents.
HLG was invented by the BBC and is compatible with existing displays using the existing signal pipeline
HDR-10 Plus is a new immerging format with the ability to have dynamic metadata
all the above
78. Chose the incorrect answer: In Regard to HDR and Projectors
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The UHD BluRay format was designed for all display technologies
SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) content should display at 14-16 fL
HDR content should display at 2-3 times the light output of the SDR content
Projectors need specific EOTF gamma curves with appropriate Tone Mapping to show HDR content correctly
if a projector can not achieve at least a 2-3 times light output increase from SDR, any HDR content shown on it may appear to look under whelming due to this lack of dynamic range
79. When a projector is not capable of achieving 2-3 times SDR light output for showing HDR the calibrator should:
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Give up all hope
Consider “stripping” out the HDR metadata and then calibrating the display as per current best practice for SDR while taking advantage of a larger color gamut and 10 bit resolution currently available with the HDR signal.
80. In regards to calibrating for UHD:
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Target the Rec. 2020 Color Space with 100% Saturation
Target the Rec. 709 Color Space with 75% saturation
Target the Rec. 2020 Color Space with 50% saturation / 50% luminance targets while ensuring the content is being delivered in a Rec 2020 container
Never consider using a “color checker” or other method of verifying overall color accuracy
81. In regard to HDR-10
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Is a proprietary format for delivering HDR content
Is the standard format for delivering HDR content in UHD BluRay
Utilizes dynamic metadata
Can be transmitted on a HDMI 1.4a signal
82. In regard to Dolby Vision (DV) for the home:
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is an open sourced format for delivering HDR content
utilizies static metadata
is an optional format for delivering HDR content via multiple delivery methods
does not require specific hardware components or requirements
Phone
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